100 Feet

A chain is a unit of length. A chain measures generally between 60 and 100 feet. If not otherwise qualified, the chain as a unit normally refers to the English unit chain, also called a Gunter's chain. This is defined as 66 feet (20.1168 metres). more...

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It is also known as the surveyor's chain or land chain.

Conversions of Gunter's chain

One chain (= 100 links) is equivalent to:

66 feet (exactly); 22 yards (exactly); 4 rods (exactly); 4 poles (exactly); 4 perches (exactly);

Also:

10 chains = 1 furlong; 80 chains = 1 mile; 10 square chains = 1 acre;

Since the width of an acre was defined as one chain (with a length of one furlong), it was also known as an acre's breadth.

History

Gunter's chain

The term chain derives from the device commonly used for measurement of land in the past — a chain of 100 links, the Gunter's chain (named in honour of Edmund Gunter) being the most common. The links were about eight inches long, made of heavy gauge wire, with a loop at each end. The links were joined end to end to create the chain by three rings between the links. This enabled the chain to be folded up, link by link, until all 100 were in a bundle which could be held in the hand. At each end were brass handles and the full chain measurement was between the outside extremities of the brass handles with the chain at full stretch on flat ground. If the chain had been folded correctly, an experienced chainman (surveyor's assistant) could fling the bundle out and it would unfold neatly with no snags. Another chainman would grab the handle, flick the chain to get it straight and then be ready to take the measurement. Long distances would be measured in bays of one chain, the actual chain being dragged forward for each bay.

With so many links in the chain there were many wearing surfaces and chains commonly were longer than the designated length. Also some surveyors added an extra link, so that their surveys always included a greater physical area than the actual measurements indicated (the landowners weren't going to complain!). When retracing old surveys with modern equipment a surveyor will almost always find his measurements between monuments are longer than the originals.

The unit was once important in everyday life, being one of the fundamental units of Imperial system in the United Kingdom and its colonies, and was used to some extent in engineering and surveying in the U.S.

In Britain, it was commonly used in the railway industry (where the measure is still in widespread use). Mapping by the Ordnance Survey (Britain's national mapping organisation) began in the early 19th century using the chain as the basic unit of measurement. All map scales at that time were expressed as a relative fraction of a chain or a mile (e.g. a one inch to ten chain scale was equivalent to 1:7920 or eight inches to a mile).

Read more at Wikipedia.org